Friday, September 13, 2013

Kings I: Chapters 6 to 11

In the last entry, Solomon became king. Now for the rest of his reign.


CHAPTER 6

Now it’s time to build the Temple.  The chapter begins by noting that it’s 480 years since the Israelites led Egypt.  Folks, that’s the first date that’s tied the narrative to Exodus since, well, since the Torah.  By my reckoning, they left Egypt in the year 2668 (after Creation).  So that puts this in 3148.  I think that’s 856 BC or so, which means I’m off by quite a bit but oh well. 

Also, looking through it, after Exodus there was 40 years of wandering, the time of Joshua (length not given), Judges (370 years, given what the Bible says), the era of Samuel (length unknown), Saul (supposedly around 40 years, but that part of the Bible is actually blank), and David (40 years).  The periods we know – Wandering, Judges & David, works out to 450 years.  That leaves 30 remaining years.  I think the way to explain this is to say there were overlapping judges.  After all, there was no political unity among the Hebrew.

Well, that’s entirely too much time on that boring info.  Besides, there is other boring info to dig into.  Let’s see, we get the dimensions of the House of the Lord.  It’s 60 cubits long, 20 cubits wide, and 30 cubits high.  That’s 36,000 cubic cubits.  (Heh.  I like that – “cubic cubits”).  How big is that?  Well, a cubit is about 18 inches, so it’s 90 feet long, 30 feet wide, and 45 feet high.  It’s 121,500 cubic feet. 

OK, that’s like a 50x50x50 foot cube.  That …. Really isn’t too big.  But realize – the purpose of this temple isn’t for people to enter.  This is for God.  It’s his place.  Only priests may enter.  And a third of it – about 40,000 cubic feet – is the holiest of holies, the place where the ark resides.  So it’s not very big because it isn’t intended to be for the masses. 

But remember – last chapter told us that Solomon had recruited an incredible amount of forced laborers  - 30,000 forced laborers, 70,000 carriers, and 80,00000 stonecutters.  Between them, they handle less than a cubic foot per labor.  (And most of those cubic feet, of course, is just air).  Actually – let’s think about this.  How much actual building material do they need?  Well, there are two 30x45 walls, two 90x45 walls.  The foundation is 30x90 and I’ll make it easy on myself and assume it’s the same for the roof.  Therefore, if you do all the math, they have 16,200 square feet worth of building material. And there is wall thickness to include, too.  If it’s one-foot thick walls on average, it’s just 16,200 cubic feet of stuff.  And maybe 180,000 laborers.  Even if it’s just the 30,000 listed as forced laborers, it’s a half-square/cubic foot per person. 

Well, there are support beams and deeper needs for the foundation and the like, but still – the average laborer has not much to do. 

But the Bible tells us it takes seven years to build this sucker.  Yeah, something isn’t adding up.

At any rate, God tells Solomon to abide by all his statues and ways and he’ll treat him like his treated David.  This is foreshadowing, for the author damn well knows that Solomon doesn’t do that.

CHAPTER 7

OK, we get some more info on what all those laborers were doing.  God’s house was just a side note.  The big thing was a house for Solomon.  Seriously – at the same time Solomon builds a place for God, he builds a much, much bigger thing for himself.  Yeah, I know that God won’t actually live in the temple and Solomon will live in the palace, but it sure sounds tacky. 

His house if 100 cubits long, 40 cubits wide, and 30 cubits high.  Well, at least it isn’t higher than God’s house.  It’s 120,000 cubic cubits (Hee!  There’s my new favorite phrase!), which is 3.33 times the size of God’s pad.  And we get all the details of it.  He has a guy named Hiram from Tyre handle it.  Hiram from Tyre will never replace Uri son of Hur as Holy Handyman, though.

Oh, and it takes 13 years to build Solomon’s palace – nearly twice as long as it took to make the Lord’s temple.

CHAPTER 8

In a book full of long chapters, here is one that stands out even in this sucker for length.  This 66-verse monster is about one event – the dedication of the Temple.  Oh, no wonder they spend so much time here then. 

First notable bit – the cloud of God (the thing the Israelites followed by daytime during the 40 years wandering) makes an appearance here.  It signifies God’s acceptance/approval of his new house.  Also, it’s the LAST time it shows up.  It fills the house built for him, so yeah – he’s happy with it.

Most of this chapter is Solomon’s speech and it is a very nice speech.  It hits all the expected notes but it does a good job at it.  He praises God’s glory, notes that Solomon is king because of the promise God made to David, and says that God told him (Solomon) that he approves of this house. 

The heart of the speech, though, are a series of pleas – pleas for forgiveness for God.  Dear Lord, we are sinners – all are sinners – and we will screw up.  When we screw up and you justifiably punish us, we will turn to this building to pray. And when you see us offer earnest prayer, please remember us and offer forgiveness.  This is at the heart of the appeal of religion.  Solomon offers a series of scenarios in which this might happen to the Israelites, and then does something unexpected and quite beautiful. 

Solomon requests of the Lord that if foreigners who are not among the children of Israel turn to you in your name and ask for help here, you’ll give it to them as well.  For much of the Bible, God is a far too parochial figure.  He cares about the Israelites because they’re his chosen people due to a pact made with Abraham.  But now we get a sense that he really is the God of all; or at least the offer is open to all.  There has been no talk of conversion or winning over others to God in the Bible so far.  You’re part of his people by birth or you’re not.  But this really makes religion that much more inclusive.  This speech is arguably the opening shot of Christianity.

The next paragraph is also quite important.  He says that if we’re ever given over to our enemies, and we repent, please remember us.  This is key, because it’s exactly the situation the Hebrew will find themselves in during the Babylonian Captivity.  And here they have Solomon anticipating it – and offering a way for the Hebrew to survive as a people: tell God you’re sorry to did wrong and earnestly apologize.  

The entire speeches is absolutely fantastic, but those are the highlights.  This might be the best speech in the Bible, at least so far. 

Solomon finishes his beautiful speech and they consecrate the temple with a bloodlust of animal sacrifice.  They kill 22,000 oxen and 100,000 sheep.  Holy crap!  It’s suddenly Union Stockyards here!  Imagine how much blood must’ve been lying on the ground. 

We’re told the celebration went on for seven days and on the eight day Solomon dismissed the people.  (Wait: shouldn’t he rest everyone on the seventh day?  Eh, no matter).  But let’s figure that out – that’s 17,428 animals sacrificed a day.  That’s 290 sacrificed an hour.  That’s 4.8 per minute.  According to the Bible, in this week of sacrifice, they killed an animal every 12.4 seconds for a week straight.  DAMN!

CHAPTER 9

Now we get an easy to overlook part of the Bible, because it’s just some boring stuff about Solomon’s governance.  But this is actually really important stuff, and a close reading shows that what’s going on here will help cause the eventual rupture of Israel into two kingdoms.  In fact, however much the Bible praises Solomon as the wisest wise that ever wised, he was actually pretty bad at governing the land.

Let’s see, Solomon has to pay Hiram of Tyre for the wood that went into the building projects.  (Quick note: apparently the palace and temple were built at different times, because the Bible says it took 20 years in all to do the building.  So you really did have an insanely huge amount of laborers work on seven years just for one relatively small building). 

Solomon gives Hiram 20 cities in the north by Galilee..  Folks, this matters.  Solomon is from the tribe of Judah in the south.  The palace is toward the south.  The temple is toward the south.  And Solomon has decided to pay for the southern improvements by sacrificing land in the north.

Keep in mind, ever since at least late in the reign of David we’ve seen considerable Judah versus other tribes problems.  The northern tribes are already chafing against having a royal line from the big southern tribe.  And now Solomon pulls this stunt. 

We’re also told of other massive building projects Solomon has done. He’s built walls for some cities – cities of the south.  He’s built a big wall to protect Israel from Egypt, and of course Egypt’s border with Israel is in the south.  Sure, there’s the stuff with Moses centuries ago, and Egypt is still a threat – but then again we’re told that Solomon has married the pharaoh’s daughter to keep the peace, and there are threats in the north as well.  But the northerners don’t get any defensive walls put up for them.  They are exposed – and having 20 cities sold off to help Solomon’s beloved south.

Plus, there is still the forced labor.  We’re given a little more info about it here.  We’re told that the forced laborers aren’t the Israelites, but the other people of the land who the Israelites had not been able to destroy – some Hittites, Amorites, Jebusites, et al.  A few things about this.  First, that sounds like possible spin.  Second, it doesn’t sound practical.  If you can’t destroy them, how can you force them into essential slave labor.  (Remember – the ancient Hebrew version of the Bible uses the same word for forced labor here as it uses to discuss the labor the Egyptians forced upon the Israelis back in the time of Moses).  Third – how are we defining forced labor here?  Chapter 5 first said there were 30,000 forced laborers, and then a few verses later add 70,000 carriers and 80,000 stonecutters to the mix.  Are the Israelites none of the 30,000 only or all 180,000? 

The upshot is a king who is consistently and persistently aiding the southern lands he’s associated with to the detriment of the northern lands.  It’s no wonder the kingdom will soon fall apart. 

Oh – and I forgot to add, the taxation system noted in Chapters 4-5 basically lets Judah coast.  They pay less than their share under Solomon’s taxation system while getting far more than their share of the advantages.  All this, mind you, while ruling a kingdom that already had considerable north-south animosity before Solomon even took the throne. 

Solomon is supposed to be a really wise person.  But his wisdom is purely academic and not at all practical.  He might be a whiz at coming up with nice proverbs, but he isn’t good at his job.  Let him write fortune cookies for a living.  But don’t let him run a kingdom. 

Oh, and before you get to any of the above, you get the Bible’s slant on what will go wrong.  God talks to Solomon a second time and lets him know that he approves of the temple.  He tells Solomon that if the king stays in the ways of God as his father David did, then God will always be with him.  But if he departs from the ways of God, then God will cut off Israel and have it ruined.  God even says that Solomon’s temple will be turned into a heap of ruins. This is one of the parts of the Bible believed to have been written after the fall of Jerusalem, because it does such a good job describing the fall.  Also, it explains why it happens.  God lets his people and his temple collapse because of the sins of the Hebrew, including the sins of Solomon.  That’s the Bible’s slant on why things fell apart, but reading the other details gives us another explanation. 

CHAPTER 10

This is a very annoying chapter. It’s a bunch of talk about how wildly wise and wonderful and brilliant Solomon is.  It mostly focuses on the Queen of Sheba – which is modern day Yemen (and as it happens, records from the time due show that the Arabs had some female rulers then, so a Queen of Sheba is reasonable). She visits him with all kinds of bling.  She’s heard stories of Solomon’s wisdom and wants him to prove it.  So he does.  She’s blown away and leaves some riches behind as a token of her esteem of his brilliance.  Then there is more talk about all the wealth of Solomon and all the wisdom of Solomon and all the renown of Solomon.

It makes me want to barf. 

It’s not just that the previous chapter gives ample evidence that Solomon – Mr. Super Wisdom himself – isn’t a very good or fair king. It’s not just that.  What really bugs me to no end here is that Solomon’s wisdom is all tell and no show.  He’s brilliant because we’re told he’s brilliant.  The Bible says that the Queen of Sheba asks him about all sorts of things, and there is nothing he seemed to lack knowledge of.  But there are no examples.  All the praise to his wisdom is generic and vague. In fact, the only story given anywhere in Kings about his wisdom is the baby slicing story, and that’s always struck me as a story hinging about a dumb fake mom than anything else. (If you claim it’s your baby, the answer is always “no” when someone asks if he should cut it in half.  Duh!)  And the praise to his wisdom goes on and on and on and on – with virtually no real detail to back it up. 

It’s like the Bible wanted to tell us how strong Samson was, but instead of giving us his feats and deeds, we just got a bunch of general praise. C’mon – prove it or shut up already! 

Perhaps this isn’t fair.  Later on in the Book of Proverbs we get an enormous amount of wisdom from Solomon (or at least attributed to Solomon).  OK, but maybe they could’ve put a few examples here.  As is, all this talk of his wisdom reads like bad advertising copy.  Its just puffery.  Also, I have a problem with Solomon’s examples of wisdom simply being a bunch of statements.  He’s king. He’s in a position of power.  He should have the ability to make wise decisions instead of making wise statements.  Many of the world’s wisest men are known for their statements not decisions – Socrates and Confucius, to name just two.  But they weren’t in a position of power. (And people in power later did adopt Confucius’s ideas and it worked fairly well for 2,000 years). 

Actually, comparing Solomon to Confucius or Socrates isn’t fair to those two.  Those guys didn’t just make a series of wise statements, but also had an underlying ethos, a system of thought that was really vital.  Is that really true of Proverbs?  I don’t know much about it, but it really does strike me as primarily fortune cookie level wisdom.  (To be fair, I really don’t know much about it.  The previous times I read it, I forget them as I went over them).

The other evidence of Solomon’s wisdom the Bible gives is his immense wealth.  I’m quite skeptical that has anything to do with his wisdom.  It could just be gaining wealth by sitting on nice trade routes.  How much of this wealth comes from the taxation system that unfairly puts a heavier burden on the north?  Most of all, a big time king with lots of opulence and all this talk about how wonderful and brilliant and wise he is – meanwhile he’s compelling tens of thousands of his subjects into forced labor for his own pet projects – this sounds like something form Ceascsecu’s Romania.  Solomon sounds like an Ancient Hebrew “Genius of the Carpatheians.” 

OK, now I am going too far for sure.  That isn’t fair. But all this talk of Solomon’s wisdom is too much sizzle to hide a lack of steak.  As they might say in Texas, when it comes to wisdom, Solomon is all hat and no cattle.

CHAPTER 11

And now for some more evidence of how the wisest guy that ever was really wasn’t.  Here we get Solomon’s big mistake.  He marries far too many women from other nations – 700 princesses (and 300 concubines) and he lets them influence him.  He starts worshiping their gods.  In the traditional reading, I guess this is a sign that the incredible wisdom of Solomon is failing him.  To me, it’s a sign that he is wildly overrated. 

Well, God is pretty cheesed and says that he’ll break up the Kingdom of Israel to punish Solomon, but out of respect for David he’ll wait until after Solomon has died.  Yeah, and all of Solomon’s bad moves sure make that easier.  (Why won’t the rebellion happen under Solomon?  These things always work better when there’s a crack in the core of power, and nothing cracks the power core like the death of a king). 

We learn of a few rebels under Solomon, but they don’t amount to much.  The big one is Jeroboam.  He’s an underling of Solomon.  He is in charged of some of Solomon’s forced laborers.  Then one day a prophet named Ahijah tells him that God is cheesed at Solomon, and Jeroboam will be allowed to have the northern kingdoms.  Solomon’s family can keep Judah, but that’s about it. 

Anyway, this chapter basically gives heavenly approval for Jeroboam’s eventual rebellion; a rebellion that will split the kingdom of Israel forever.  Solomon finds out that Jeroboam is a threat and tries to have him killed, but Jeroboam hightails it to Egypt instead.

After 40 years in power, Solomon died. His son Rehoboam takes his place. 

What can I say about Solomon?  How about this: OV-ER-RA-TED!! (CLAP! CLAP! CLAP-CLAP-CLAP!)  He gave a real wing-dinger of a speech, but his policies were disastrous. 

Click here for Chapters 12 to 16 of Kings I.

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