Wednesday, September 4, 2013

Psalms 73 to 86

The last installment of psalms covered #59-72.  Now for the next batch - which begins the Bible's third book of psalms.



PSALM 73

The third book of psalms gets off to a promising start, with a different sort of psalm.  This psalmist is writing about his personal experiences with God – most notably his struggle with doubt and how he overcame it.

It’s the eternal question: if God is good and powerful, then how come so many rotten people have power, place, and privilege? This leads the psalmists into doubts and bitterness.  Finally he begins to wonder if he should speak and behave as the bad people do.  After all, they seem to bear their burdens lightly while he’s weighed down by them.

However, instead of religiously breaking bad, the psalmist rallies and returns to the Lord.  The problem is that his rationale isn’t very convincing.  He decides that God will give the bad people what they deserve.  He’ll strike them down and it’ll be swift and it’ll be awesome.

It’s nice that he believes that.  It’s even nicer if he saw examples of this happening, where the bad people he knew received a swift comeuppance.  But I don’t buy it.  This doesn’t always happen, regardless of what the psalmist might allege.  Life isn’t one big episode of My Name Is Earl.

PSALM 74

This is a psalm of mourning.  In fact, it’s called “Prayer at the Destruction of the Temple” so its after the fall of Judea.  The psalm certainly lives up to its title.  The psalmist is horrified, beginning, “Why, God, have you cast us off forever?”  He is feeling it in a bad way for sure. 

He spends much of the psalm recounting the glories of the Lord – his successes, his victories, all that he had done – and it’s all in the past tense.  Now, the people of Israel are in ruins. 

The psalmist doesn’t come to a cheap, happy face solution (a la Psalm 73).  Instead, he just urges God to come back and remember his people.  Please look to your covenant again.

It’s a nice psalm.  It hits its mark effectively. 

PSALM 75

It’s another psalm about God.  It thanks God and calls on him to do wonderful things.  Oh, and it also denounces the bad people.  Yeah, it’s nothing we haven’t heard before.

Well, check that.  There is one new thing.  It says of the wicked, “Do not raise your horns!”  Wait: horns?  Huh?  The footnote says that horns were symbols of strength, and ….that makes sense.  These were people that raised animals, and rams butting heads are animals showing their strength.  So though that reference doesn’t hold up well over the centuries, it actually works pretty well.

PSALM 76

OK, time to begin the second half of psalms!  It’s a fairly short psalm praising God.  The main subject of praise is power, as it calls him, “Terrible and awesome are you, stronger than the ancient mountains.”

Interesting word choices – “terrible and awesome.”  Either we’re losing something in the translation or our images of what a God should be is very different from that of the ancient Hebrew.  Or both.

You know who was terrible and awesome?  Ivan the Terrible of Russia.  In fact, his nickname – which we translate as terrible – in Russian can mean terrible or awesome.  Interesting combination – and it’s the same combination this psalm uses to discuss God.  In other words, the Bible is accidentally drawing a parallel between God and Ivan the Terrible. 

I get a kick out of that.

PSALM 77

This is an interesting psalm.  It’s another one about God (of course), but this psalmist has his own take on the almighty.  He says, “When I think of God, I groan.”  Oh, that’s different from the typical platitudes to his awesomeness.

Oh, this guy also thinks God is literally awesome, don’t get me wrong.  But he’s living in the time of the Babylonian Captivity.  And if God is so powerful and awesome and amazing and above it all—then why has he let his people be ruined?  It can only mean that he’s abandoned them.  Hence the groaning.

It’s a psalm to God, or rather a psalm to the absence of God.  You get all the heartache that many other psalms have, but this time the one person you can normally reach out to in a psalm is the one person he feels he can’t reach out to: God.

Interesting choice to put this psalm in the Bible.  It’s part of the religious experience, though.  It’s not even doubt in this case – he still believes – but a sense of abandonment; a sense that God his hid his face.  Hence the decision to put this into the Bible – to better encapsulate the full religious experience.

I like this psalm.

PSALM 78

Weighing in at 72 verses, this is one of the longest psalms in the entire Bible.  It also has a different feel to it.  Most psalms are personal and emotional.  This one is more philosophical and detached.

It looks over the history of the Hebrew and God, noting that God has given his laws and commandments, and the Hebrew have often been a complaining, unfaithful bunch.  Given that I’m reading psalms in tandem with the Torah, this psalm gives me a big sense of déjà vu, as it refers to all the things I just finished reading.  You get complaining, the calf, the 40 years wandering – all that.  And then they repent and follow God.

But instead of living happily ever after, the Hebrew backslide eventually after getting their kingdom.  And God, infuriated the first time, is even more upset now.  The first time he wanted to wipe out the Hebrew, but Moses talked him out of it.  Now?  He’ll let them be destroyed. 

Most of this psalm read like something written during the Babylonian Captivity, but it apparently ends with the destruction of the northern divided kingdom of Israel.  It ends by talking about the wonders of the House of David.  (Well, it just mentions David, but stuff in this psalm clearly is beyond his lifetime).

So even though this psalm reads a bit like an answer psalm to #77 – here’s why God abandoned us – it really isn’t.  It’s talking about a different era, but despite that it still gives a philosophical answer to the personal pain of the psalmist in #77. 

It’s an interesting psalm, a bit dry – but it does make a nice change of pace from the others.  And this far in, being a change of pace is most of the battle.

PSALM 79

Time for another psalm from the Babylonian Captivity years.  It’s a call for God about how horrible the Hebrew have it now.  Like a previous psalm, it asks, “How long, LORD?  Will you be angry forever?”  It’s not a bad psalm, but I’ve read this before.  It asks to be pardoned and apologizes for sins, and all that stuff.

PSALM 80

It’s another psalm from Babylon. I’ve seen to run into a vein of them.  OK, I get that they are arranged this way.  That makes sense.  But it would make for easier reading if they were divided up a bit more randomly.  As is, you read a lot of the same thing and get sick of it.  Then a new patch comes along and that’s a lot of fun for a little bit, but when you get a bunch of the same thing, it wears rather quickly. 

Well, this is another one about the loss of the Promised Land.  The hook is that it makes an analogy about being God’s vineyard.  It’s well made, I guess. 

It’s another psalm ending with a prayer to have their old stature restored.  Just reading all the psalms that say this, you get a definite idea of how huge it was for them to have Persia take over and let them go home.  If it had taken longer for Babylon to fall, maybe their faith would lose its fervor.  If Persia takes a different tactic, maybe the Hebrew religion dies out. 

In fact, it’s amazing they kept the religion going after the loss of the Promised Land.  After all, they were promised this land, and they lost it.  So much for that God.  But instead the loss of land is reinterpreted as a result of their lack of faith.  So they apologize profusely – and they get it back!  It works out! 

These psalms might be wearing on me, but they show the spirit that allowed the Hebrew religion to survive its darkest moments.  

PSALM 81

This one is called “An Admonition to Fidelity.”  Yeah, it’s about being faithful to God.  That’s a reasonable theme for a psalm.  It’s fairly typical.  The most interesting feature is that around verse 7 God starts talking in first person.   In fact, the rest of the psalm is form the point of view of God, noting how he’s let bad things happen to the Hebrew when they’ve turned from him, but looked after them when they don’t.  Most of this psalm is thus the psalmist recording what he heard God tell him.

Also, at one point god says, “There shall be no foreign god among you.”  Foreign god, not false god.  This is another of those subtle signs that the ancient Hebrew really weren’t always that monotheistic.  And this one is especially notable because the words are supposed to be coming from God himself.

PSALM 82

It’s a short psalm, just about eight verses.  Most of this calls on God to uphold the lowly, the poor, the fatherless, and those unable to stand up for themselves.  This is probably a psalm by someone born poor and lowly, for whom God is the one chance to get a place for himself against the high and mighty.

But it’s another psalm that signals other gods exist.  Actually, it says so about as directly as anything in the Bible.  The title is “The Downfall of Unjust Gods” – fictional creatures can’t be unjust, because they don’t exist.  More than that, at one point the psalmist writes: “The gods neither know nor understand, wandering about in darkness, and all the world’s foundations shake, I declare: `Gods though you be.’”  Yup, Gods though you be. 

PSALM 83

This is a psalm asking for help against Israel’s enemies.  It’s a very parochial psalm.  It’s less about grand themes appealing to all humanity and more about this particular god helping this particular people.  It makes God look like just another near East deity. 

There is one nice phrase: “My God make them like tumbleweed, into chaff flying before the wind.”  OK, that’s nice but it’s a minor psalm.

PSALM 84

This is a different psalm.  It’s a psalm from the perspective of a pilgrim coming to Jerusalem during the days when Jerusalem was still the capital and the First Temple still stood.  The short version is the psalmist is thrilled to be there.

That makes sense if you think about it.  In the modern world, it’s easy to take travel for granted, even over vast differences.  But back then, not only was travel more difficult, but if you weren’t there, you’d have no idea what the place looked like.  There was no internet or photography or anything.  So the pilgrim might be coming from 50 miles a way but it could still feel like he’s coming from the other side of the moon.

PSALM 85

This is another short psalm from the Babylonian Captivity.  It’s the same as many: hey God, you used to forgive us for our misdeeds?  Will you ever do that again? How long will you be angry?  C’mon, Lord – through us a bone here!

That conquest of Babylon by Persia really saved things for the Hebrew religion.  Without that, it likes evaporates.  You can only say these things for so long before deciding that God really has abandoned you for all time. 

PSALM 86

For the first time in a while, it’s a psalm attributed to David.  And it feels like one of those older psalms, too.  It’s a psalm praising God by a guy without much self-doubt.  He says he is devoted to God and thanks God’s mercy from rescuing me.  There is talk of enemies who have gone after the author, but how God has pulled him through.  This is a psalm by a guy who has survived the bad times and it looking back at it, thanking God for his successes.

One interesting line: “None among the gods can equal you, O Lord.”  Yeah, that line implies that polytheism is real.  Later on, to be fair, he says, “For you are great and do wondrous deeds, and you along are God.”  So it’s blurry on the existence of other gods. 

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