Tuesday, September 17, 2013

Kings II: Chapters 1 to 5

Last time Kings I ended.  Now for the next book:


CHAPTER 1

The Bible has a weird break for kings – it comes in the middle of talking about the Judean King Ahaziah. 

We begin with him injuring himself, and wanted to pray to the god Baalzebub to see if he’ll get better. Wait?  Praying to another God?  Yeah, this isn’t going to tell well.  Eljiah finds out and gets involved. 

Ahaziah sends 50 men to bring Elijah to him.  When the come Elijah says that if he’s really a man of God, may fire rain down from heaven and consume all 50 men.  So that’s what happens in the next sentence.  Ahaziah sends another 50 men and it’s rinse, lather and repeat – 50 more barbecued people. 

Ahaziah, clearly a slower learner, sends a third grouping of 50.  However, while he might be stupid, the head of the 50 is.  This captain approaches Elijah all obsequiously, begging not to be killed.  Elijah is cool with this and agrees to go.  When he arrives, he just tells the king that he’s doomed for going against God.  Naturally, the king then dies, and a new king, Joram, replaces him.

Elijah comes off like a jerk here.  He has 100 men killed.  In his defense, he’s not sure why the men are coming for him, and he knows the king isn’t going with God.  It’s also in character, as he was an arrogant (if hilarious) man in the big altar sacrifice showdown.

CHAPTER 2

So long, Elijah.  He’s a major prophet, but he really doesn’t appear much in the Bible. He’s the main figure of just five Biblical chapters (17-19 in Kings I, 1-2 in Kings II) and makes a brief cameo in Chapter 21 of Kings I, but that’s it.

Somehow, someway – the Bible doesn’t say – Elijah knows he’ll be taken up to heaven.  Everyone around him knows this, too.  I guess God told him and he told everyone else.  Eljiah and Elisha go to Jericho, with Elijah causing the Jordan River’s waters to part on the way.  Neat – he does the Joshua at the same place Joshua himself did.  Before Elijah goes up, he asks Elisha if he wants anything.  The kid says he wants a double portion of Elijah’s spirit.  Elijah says that if you see me go up to heaven, that means you’ve got it.

Well, the famous fiery chariot with the fiery horses comes down, and take Eljiah up to heaven.  He thus enters the heavens without having to die, part of his big claim to fame. 

The chapter goes on, but let’s pause here.  What am I to make of Eljiah?  His stories remind me more of the things from Judges than what we read about in Samuels.  There are some really heavy duty miracle workings going on here, and that makes it a throwback.  Also, while a memorable Biblical character, we don’t learn much about him beyond what we need to for the plot.  It’s not that we don’t have as good a read on him as a person as we do on David or Samuel or Saul.  It’s that we don’t even have as good a read on him as we have on Gideon of Samson. 

Elijah shows up without any introduction.  The only biographical feature we know of him is that he’s “Elijah the Tishbite” – and we have no idea what that means.  Hell, even with the Judges we knew what tribe they were supposed to be from.  Elijah is the most enigmatic and mysterious of the Biblical leaders.

And his stories don’t really fit in too well with the other stories around here.  For instance, in the Elijah stories we’re told that Ahab and Jezebel have killed all the prophets of the Lord, all except Elijah.  But everyone else there are prophets’a’plenty.  They even have their own guild.  In fact, the prophets even talk to Ahab, the man the Elijah stories say is trying to kill them all.

Clearly the Kings books are being assembled from different sources.  That isn’t too surprising.  (In the Samuels there is clear evidence of two different versions of the story of David and Saul being combined).  But what makes this different is that it’s the story of a prophet instead of stories of kings. Elijah is from the northern kingdom, so I assume the stories came from there.  The Bible was written in the southern kingdom long after the northern kingdom collapsed, which helps account for the blurriness of what’s going on.

Really, there is narrative blurriness in general.  One very real thing happening is that record keeping for posterity apparently took a series hit after the division of the kingdom.  Taking things back to Elijah, I can only assume there was such a prophet, but that over time stories about him became grander and grander.  Or stories of different prophets were combined into one.  It made it easier to turn him into myth given the worsening record keeping of the era combined with the fact that he came from the fallen northern kingdom.  So he becomes the first mythic figure in the Bible since Samson.  (As important as David was, he really wasn’t anything mythic, as nothing he did was actively miraculous).  And Elijah is the last mythic figure of the Old Testament.  From then on, events are coming too close to the days when the Bible was written. 

Wait – check that.  David and Jonus are mythic, too.  Damnit.

Anyhow, the chapter doesn’t end with Elijah’s departure.  Instead, we’re treated to one of the most ghastly and memorably macabre moments in the entire Bible.  Elisha crosses the river (re-Joshua-ing it, just as Eliza had done.  Nice way to symbolize the passing of the prophetic torch). 

He goes to the town of Bethel when it happens.  Some kids see the apparently bald Elisha pass and the mock him.  “God away, baldy!  Go away!”  Livid, he turns to them and curses them in the name of the Lord.  So far, this is like something that happens everyday to someone somewhere in the world.  But Elisha is a prophet, and he just cursed these kids in the name of the Lord.  Upshot: “two she-bears came out of the wood and tore forty-two of the children to pieces.”  GAAAHHHHH!!!  It’s a junior high Holocaust! 

WHAT?  THE? HELL?

I’ve read two comments on this incident that stick with me.  David Plotz makes a good point in “The Good Book” on this incident.  This is what happens when the power of being a prophet is first given to Elisha.  He’s got to learn what he’s doing.  He’s probably yelled at kids before and it means nothing – but this is his first time with the power.  So be careful with what you got.

In “The Cartoon History of the Universe” Larry Gonick makes a hilarious comment about it.  After saying what happened, Gonick has Elisha tell the scribe standing next to him, When you write my story down, make sure you leave out all the times kids mocked me and bears didn’t come.  Heh. 

I think Plotz has it right.  I’ll just at that saying 42 died is an extra nice detail.  Not some big round number – 42.  Sounds more precise.  Also, how slow moving were these children?  I get that bears move fast, but there are only two bears and once they come after the kids you’d think they run in all directions away from each other as fast as possible.
 
He leave the bear massacre behind and goes to Mount Carmel – sight of Elijah’s greatest triumph.

CHAPTER 3

Time for some war stories.  Earlier I noted that the narrative here often seems hazier than it was in the Kings books.  That’s very true of some of these war chapters where I can’t quite tell what exactly is going on – and I’m not really sure why much of it matters.  Normally the Bible writer is clear in what’s going on, but he sure has problems around here.  I guess the sources he’s compiling from are worse.

In one of these chapters a footnote says that the oral tradition would just say King of Israel without giving a name, so the Bible was often guessing on who the king is.  It’s a pain in the ass.

At any rate, Joram rules Israel and Moab rebels against him.  Joram gets the kings of Judea and Edom to fight with him.  They run out of water on the march and – wait.  Hold on.  That’s bad.  Whoever is charge of logistics on this march is a moron.  The Bible says they took a roundabout route, but that’s no excuse.  It ain’t like they’re going to China.  This is inept on someone’s part.

Needing help, they call on Elisha, who says he’ll only come because he respects the king of Judea, not that jerk running Israel.  Well, they Judea-Israel-Edom forces win the battle and it looks like they can’t be stopped.  But Moab’s leader has a trick up his sleeve.  He takes his first-born son and offers him as a burnt offering to his god.  And that turns the tide.

Whoah!  OK, several disturbing things here.  First, it’s human sacrifice – of a man’s own son, at that.  Second, the human sacrifice seems to work!  That’s something.  This indicates that there are in fact other gods, and at least one responds to this sort of thing.  After all, once the burnt offering is done the Bible says, “The wrath against Israel was so great that they gave up the siege.”  Whose wrath?  Not God’s wrath.  He doesn’t go for human sacrifice.  The wrath of the defenders shouldn’t make any difference – they can’t seem to win.  Any other God?  Just disturbing all around.  That part about wrath just plain isn’t explained.

CHAPTER 4

Back to Elisha, as he commits a bunch of miracles.  Earlier I said that Elijah is the last mythic character.  Well, his successor is another.  It’s just that hardly anyone remembers much of what Elisha did – because it’s mostly the same as what Elijah did. 

The chapter starts off with the bottomless jug of oil trick that Elijah did in Chapter 17 of Kings I.  Then Elisha brings a dead boy back to life – just as Elijah did in that same Chapter 17.  In between, Elisha does one thing unique.  He lets an elderly lady become pregnant.  (It’s her eventual son he brings back to life).

You have to wonder here.  We got two prophets with almost the same identical names, doing almost the same identical miracles – are these really stories about two different people or just stories of one guy that have been separated?  My best hunch is that there were all these stories of the Great Prophet up north, and all the things he did.  But the stories stretch over the reigns of maybe too many kings. And as the stories were told orally, the prophet’s name was slightly changed in some retellings but not another.  Thus you end up with two very similar traditions by the time the writer put it in the Bible. 

Well, Elisha does a few more things.  He turns poison stew into edible stew.  He also has a bottomless offering of barley.  I should also note, when he brings the child back from the dead, the mother asks him for help on Mount Carmel.  That place keeps coming up in the Elijah/Elisha stories.

CHAPTER 5

Elisha performs another miracle – he heels a man of leprosy.  The man he heels isn’t from Judea or Israel.  It’s the army king from Aram.  We’re getting blurry as to who is in the club and who isn’t.  Just next chapter Aram will attack Israel. 

The story has some humor.  The military man is Naaman and when he goes to Elisha for help with his leprosy, Elisha doesn’t see him, just has one of his hangers-on tell Naaman to bath in the Jordan River seven times and he’ll be cured. Naaman is infuriated.  The guy didn’t see me and he gave me generic advice?  Bah!

We can relate, right?  When you go to the doctor, you often feel robbed if you’re not given some sort of pill or answer.  And can you imagine if he doesn’t even bother see you, but just reads the symptoms and has his office staff give you his feedback?  In college I saw – or “saw” a doctor for bronchitis and he just wrote out a prescription for penicillin and had the nurse give it to me.  I never saw him. 

At any rate, it works.  (Just as my penicillin did, actually).  Naaman flatly says he now knows that God is the only god.  OK, after a hint of polytheism in Chapter 3, we’re back to monotheism. 

But there is a weird coda.  Gehazi, an assistant to Elisha, isn’t happy that Naaman wasn’t charged and takes off on his own to tell Naaman – no, sorry, you owe us some silver after all.  Then Gehazi pockets the silver. 

This is dumb. Of course Elisha immediately knows about it.  Of course he isn’t happy.  And of course Gehazi is punished.  He is immediately stricken with leprosy.  That’s some swift poetic justice.

Click here for Kings II: Chapters 6 to 11.

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